The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ for complete story
The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. More people died of influenza in a single year than in four-years of the Black Death Bubonic Plague from 1347 to 1351. Known as "Spanish Flu" or "La Grippe" the influenza of 1918-1919 was a global disaster.
Alabama State Summit http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/greatpandemic.html#al for rest of story
That Great Pandemic also touched Alabama. http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/greatpandemic.html#al for rest of story
People around the state died by the hundreds.
That Great Pandemic also touched South Carolina. http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/greatpandemic3.html#sc for rest of story
By the end of that month, an estimated 80,000 cases had occurred, resulting in some 3,000 deaths.
Florida State Summit http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/greatpandemic.html#fl for rest of story
That Great Pandemic also touched Florida.
Other states http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/greatpandemic.html of 1918-1919
Pandemic Flu datelines http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/Flu/Research/ongoingResearch/Pandemic/TimelineHumanPandemics.htm
Pandemic
“Spanish flu” H1N1
The most devastating flu pandemic in recent history, killing more
than 500,000 people in the United States, and 20 million to 50
million people worldwide.
Pandemic
"Asian flu" H2N2
First identified in China, this virus caused roughly 70,000
deaths in the United States during the 1957-58 season. Because
this strain has not circulated in humans since 1968, no one under
30 years old has immunity to this strain.
Pandemic
"Hong Kong flu" H3N2
First detected in Hong Kong, this virus caused roughly 34,000
deaths in the United States during the 1968-69 season. H3N2
viruses still circulate today.
Appearance
of a new influenza strain in humans
“Russian flu” H1N1
Isolated in northern China, this virus was similar to the virus
that spread before 1957. For this reason, individuals born before
1957 were generally protected, however children and young adults
born after that year were not because they had no prior immunity.
Appearance
of a new influenza strain in humans
H5N1
The first time an influenza virus was found to be transmitted
directly from birds to people, with infections linked to exposure
to poultry markets. Eighteen people in Hong Kong were
hospitalized, six of whom died.
Appearance
of a new influenza strain in humans
H9N2
Appeared for the first time in humans. It caused illness in two
children in Hong Kong, with poultry being the probable source.
Appearance
of a new influenza strain in humans
H7N2
Evidence of infection is found in one person in Virginia
following a poultry outbreak.
Appearance
of a new influenza strain in humans
H5N1
Caused two Hong Kong family members to be hospitalized after a
visit to China, killing one of them, a 33-year-old man. (A third
family member died while in China of an undiagnosed respiratory
illness.)
H7N7
In the first reported cases of this strain in humans, 89 people
in the Netherlands, most of whom were poultry workers, became ill
with eye infections or flu-like symptoms. A veterinarian who
visited one of the affected poultry farms died.
H7N2
Caused a person to be hospitalized in New York.
H9N2
Caused illness in one child in Hong Kong.
Appearance
of a new influenza strain in humans
H5N1
Caused illness in 47 people in Thailand and Vietnam, 34 of whom
died. Researchers are especially concerned because this flu
strain, which is quite deadly, is becoming endemic in Asia.
H7N3
Is reported for the first time in humans. The strain caused
illness in two poultry workers in Canada.
H10N7
Is reported for the first time in humans. It caused illness in
two infants in Egypt. One child’s father is a poultry merchant.
H5N1
The first case of human infection with H5N1 arises in Cambodia in
February. By May, WHO reports 4 Cambodian cases, all fatal.
Indonesia reports its first case, which is fatal, in July. Over
the next three months, 7 cases of laboratory-confirmed H5N1
infection in Indonesia, and 4 deaths, occur.
On December 30, WHO reports a cumulative total of 142 laboratory-confirmed cases of H5N1 infection worldwide, all in Asia, with 74 deaths. Asian countries in which human infection with H5N1 has been detected: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia and China.
H5N1
In early January, two human cases of H5N1 infection, both fatal,
are reported in rural areas of Eastern Turkey. Also in January,
China reports new cases of H5N1 infection. As of January 25,
China reports a total of 10 cases, with 7 deaths. On January 30,
Iraq reports its first case of human H5N1 infection, which was
fatal, to the WHO.
In March, the WHO confirmed seven
cases of human H5N1 infection, and five deaths, in Azerbaijan. In
April, WHO confirmed four cases of human H5N1 infection, and two
fatalities, in Egypt.
In May, the WHO confirmed a case of human H5N1 infection in the
African nation of Djibouti. This was the first confirmed case in
sub-Saharan Africa.
2007
H5N1South Carolina State Summit http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/greatpandemic3.html#sc for rest of story
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Common Source Epidemic Diseases |
||||||
Disease |
Causative Agent |
Infection Sources |
Reservoirs |
|||
Anthrax |
Bacillus anthracis (B) |
Milk or meat from infected animals |
Cattle, swine, goats, sheep, horses |
|||
Bacillary Dysentery |
Shigella dysenteriae (B) |
Fecal contamination of food and water |
Humans |
|||
Botulism |
Clostridium botulinum (B) |
Soil-contaminated food |
Soil |
|||
Brucellosis |
Brucella melitensis (B) |
Milk or meat from infected animals |
Cattle, swine, goats, sheep, horses |
|||
Cholera |
Vibrio cholerae (B) |
Fecal contamination of food and water |
Humans |
|||
Giardiasis |
Giardia spp. (P) |
Fecal contamination of water |
Wild mammals |
|||
Hepatitis |
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E (V) |
Infected humans |
Humans |
|||
Paratyphoid |
Salmonella paratyphi (B) |
Fecal contamination of food and water |
Humans |
|||
Typhoid Fever |
Salmonella typhi (B) |
Fecal contamination of food and water |
Humans |
|||
Host-to-host Epidemics |
||||||
Disease |
Causative Agent |
Infection Sources |
Reservoirs |
|||
Respiratory Diseases |
||||||
Diphtheria |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (B) |
Human cases and carriers; infected food and fomites |
Humans |
|||
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome |
Hantavirus (V) |
Inhalation of contaminated fecal material |
Rodents |
|||
Meningicoccal meningitis |
Neisseria meningitidis (B) |
Human cases and carriers |
Humans |
|||
Pneumonococcal pneumonia |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (B) |
Human carriers |
Humans |
|||
Tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (B) |
Sputum from human cases; contaminated milk |
Humans, cattle |
|||
Whooping cough |
Bordetella pertussis (B) |
Human cases |
Humans |
|||
German measles |
Rubella virus (V) |
Human cases |
Humans |
|||
Influenza |
Influenza virus (V) |
Human cases |
Humans, animals |
|||
Measles |
Measles virus (V) |
Human cases |
Humans |
|||
Sexually transmitted diseases |
||||||
HIV-Disease |
HIV (V) |
Infected body fluids, blood, semen, etc. |
Humans |
|||
Chlamydia |
Chlamydia trachomatis (B) |
Urethral, vaginal, and anal secretions |
Humans |
|||
Gonorrhea |
Neisseria gonorrheae (B) |
Urethral and vaginal secretions |
Humans |
|||
Syphilis |
Treponema pallidum (B) |
Infected exudate or blood |
Humans |
|||
Trichomoniasis |
Trichomonas vaginalis (P) |
Urethral, vaginal, prostate secretions |
Humans |
|||
Vector-borne diseases |
||||||
Epidemic typhus |
Rickettsia prowazekii (B) |
Bite by infected louse |
Humans, lice |
|||
Lyme disease |
Borrelia burgdorferi (B) |
Bite from infected tick |
Rodents, deer, ticks |
|||
Malaria |
Plasmodium spp. (P) |
Bite from infected Anopheles mosquito |
Humans, mosquitoes |
|||
Plague |
Yersinia pestis (B) |
Bite by infected flea |
Wild rodents |
|||
Rocky Mountain spotted Fever |
Rickettsia rickettsii (B) |
Bite by infected tick |
Ticks, rabbits, mice |
|||
Direct-contact diseases |
||||||
Psittacosis |
Chlamydia psittaci (B) |
Contact with birds or bird excrement |
Wild and domestic birds |
|||
Rabies |
Rabies virus (V) |
Bite by carnivore |
Wild and domestic carnivores |
|||
Tularemia |
Franciscella tularensis (B) |
Contact with rabbits |
Rabbits |
|||
chart from http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/bugl/histepi.htm#types